Abstract
Sense of belonging in the campus community has been identified as a critical factor in persistence and retention in college students. This study aimed to examine sense of belonging in physical education (PE) and recreation, park & nonprofit administration (RPNA) undergraduate students. A 34-item survey consisting of six categories was used to collect data. Findings revealed that (a) PE majors had greater peer support, felt more comfortable in the classroom and less isolated in the learning environment, thought the extracurricular activities and bulletin board information were more helpful, and experienced a greater overall sense of belonging than RPNA majors, (b) freshmen and seniors experienced a greater sense of belonging than sophomores, (c) seniors reported greater peer support than sophomores, (d) sophomores felt less comfortable in the classroom than everyone else, (e) sophomores felt more isolated than freshmen and seniors, and (f) nontransfer students felt the information on the bulletin board made them feel more connected to their peers of the same major than transfer students. Results suggested that college students regardless of major, classification and transfer status could benefit from additional in- and out-of-class activities, caring and compassionate demeanor from faculty members, and better use of the bulletin board to direct attention to their classmates, events, and news.
Keywords
Kinesiology, Peer Support, Faculty Support, Extracurricular Activity, Bulletin Board,References
- Ahn, M., Davis, H.H. (2020). Four domains of students’ sense of belonging to university. Studies in Higher Education, 45(3), 622-634.
- Becton, D.E., Long, E. (2024). Re-visioning bulletin boards: A participatory approach to assessing student learning and experience. The Journal of College and University Student Hoursing, 50(2), 88-107.
- Cohen, E., Viola, J. (2022). The role of pedagogy and the curriculum in university students’ sense of belonging. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 19(4).
- Davis, G.M., Hanzsek-Brill, M.B., Petzold, M.C., Robinson, D.H. (2019). Students’ sense of belonging: The development of a predictive retention model. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 19(1), 117-127.
- Fong, C.J., Adelugba, S.F., Garza, M., Pinto, G.L., Gonzales, C., Zarei, P., Rozek, C.S. (2024). A scoping review of the association between sense of belonging and academic outcomes in postsecondary education. Educational Psychology Review, 36(138).
- Freeman, T.M., Anderman, L.H., Jensen, J.M. (2007). Sense of belonging in college freshmen at the classroom and campus levels. The Journal of Experimental Education, 75(3), 203-220.
- Gillen-O’Neel, C. (2021). Sense of belonging and student engagement: A daily study of first- and continuing-generation college students. Research in Higher Education, 62, 45-71.
- Gopalan, M., Brady, S.T. (2020). College students’ sense of belonging: A national perspective. Educational Researcher, 49(2), 134-137.
- Graber, K. C. (1998). Teaching tomorrow’s teachers: Professional preparation as an agent of socialization. In T. J. Templin & P. G. Schempp (Eds.), Socialization into physical education: Learning to teach. Benchmark Press.
- Haim-Litevsky, D., Komemi, R., Lipskaya-Velikovsky, L. (2023). Sense of belonging, meaningful daily life participation, and well-being: Integrated investigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4121.
- Hausmann, L.R.M., Schofield, J.W., Woods, R.L. (2007). Sense of belonging as a predictor of intentions to persist among African American and White first-year college students. Research in Higher Education, 48, 803-839.
- Hoffman, M., Richmond, J., Morrow, J., & Salomone, K. (2002). Investigating “sense of belonging” in first-year college students. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 4(3), 227-256.
- Kelly, M.L., Nieuwoudt, J., Willis, R., Lee, M.F. (2026). Belonging, enjoyment, motivation, and retention: University students’ sense of belonging before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 28(1), 92-111.
- Knekta, E, Chatzikyriakidou, K., McCartney, M. (2020). Evaluation of a questionnaire measuring university students’ sense of belonging to and involvement in a biology department. CBE – Life Sciences Education, 19(3), 27.
- Krafona K. (2014). A sense of belonging in a university community: A study of undergraduate students. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 4(1), 16-20.
- Lawson, H.A. (1983a). Toward a model of teacher socialization in physical education: The subjective warrant, recruitment, and teacher education (part 1). Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 2, 3-16.
- Lawson, H.A. (1983b). Toward a model of teacher socialization in physical education: Entry into schools, teachers’ role orientations, and longevity in teaching (part 2). Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 3, 3-15.
- O’Keeffe, P. (2013). A sense of belonging: Improving student retention. College Student Journal, 47(4), 605–613.
- Pedler, M.L., Willis, R., Nieuwoudt, J.E. (2022). A sense of belonging at university: Student retention, motivation and enjoyment. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 46(3), 397-408.
- Rainey, K., Dancy, M., Mickelson, R., Stearns, E., Moller, S. (2018). Race and gender differences in how sense of belonging influences decisions to major in STEM. International Journal of STEM Education, 5(1), 10.
- Ruedas-Garcia, N., Botham, C.M., Moore, A.R., Pena, C. (2022). Ten simple rules for creating a sense of belonging in your research group. PLoS Computational Biology, 18(12), e1010688.
- Runa, S.N., McCartan, A., Du, Y., Becker, B.A., Mooney, C. (2025). Sense of belonging in undergraduate computing students: A scoping review. Educational Research Review, 47, 100683.
- Soria, K.M., Troisi, J.N., Stebleton, M.J. (2012). Reaching out, connecting within: Community service participation and sense of belonging among college students. Higher Education in Review, 9, 65-86.
- Strayhorn, T.L. (2018). College students’ sense of belonging: A key to educational success for all students (2nd ed.). Routledge.
- Suzuki, W.A., Feliu-Mojer, M.I., Hasson, U., Yehuda, R., Zarate, J.M. (2018). Dialogues: The science and power of storytelling. The Journal of Neuroscience, 38(44), 9468-9470.
- Ulmanen, S., Soini, T., Pietarinen, J., Pyhalto, K. (2016). Students’ experiences of the development of emotional engagement. International Journal of Educational Research, 79, 86-96.
- Wilson, D., Jones, D., Bocell, F., Crawford, J., Kim, M.J., Veilleux, N., Floyd-Smith, T., Bates, R., Plett, M. (2015). Belonging and academic engagement among undergraduate STEM students: A multi-institutional study. Research in Higher Education, 56, 750-776.
|

Articles

